Sequence for Yourself

Resource for Grades 9-12

WGBH: Nova
Sequence for Yourself

Media Type:
Interactive

Running Time:
Size: 243.4 KB


Source: NOVA: "Cracking the Code of Life" Web site

This resource can be found on the NOVA: “Cracking the Code of Life" Web site.

Resource Produced by:

WGBH Educational Foundation

Collection Developed by:

WGBH Educational Foundation

Collection Credits

Collection Funded by:

National Science Foundation

The Human Genome Project announced in the spring of 2001 that they had sequenced the entire human genome of three billion base pairs. How did they do it? Starting with intact chromosomes, this step-by-step activity shows how the DNA is cut into fragments, cloned, and replicated, and, finally, how the sequence is detected and assembled. From the NOVA: "Cracking the Code of Life" Web site.

open Background Essay

A single DNA nucleotide, the base unit of the human genome, is made up of only 30 atoms (plus or minus a few, depending on the base), making it much too small to be identified by even the most powerful electron microscope. So how, then, do researchers determine the sequence of A's, G's, C's, and T's that comprise the genome?

The answer is that they've had to develop a new process, what Bruce Birren of MIT's Whitehead Institute calls a "biochemical magnifying glass." But this magnifier doesn't enlarge the view of DNA bases. Rather, it makes billions of identical copies of a small sequence of DNA -- enough copies to allow a machine to detect marked bases within the DNA.

At first glance, the method described in this feature may seem a bit complex, even roundabout. But then sequencing the human genome is not as easy as A-G-C. The concepts involved, however, are easy to grasp. "Sequence for Yourself" should give you a good idea of the process.

open Discussion Questions

  • In your own words, describe the basic steps in sequencing human DNA.
  • What past discoveries about genetics did scientists make that now allow them to sequence human DNA?
  • What technologies and inventions allowed scientists to sequence human DNA?

  • open Standards

     
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