Animal Body Plans: Homeobox Genes

Resource for Grades 9-12

Animal Body Plans: Homeobox Genes

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Source: Adrienne Zihlman, The Human Evolution Coloring Book


Resource Produced by:

WGBH Educational Foundation

Collection Developed by:

WGBH Educational Foundation

Collection Credits

Collection Funded by:

National Science Foundation

The homeobox genes that define the basic body plan of mice and fruit flies are illustrated in this graphic. The accompanying article describes how these genes act as "molecular architects" in all animal species.

open Background Essay

The discovery of homeobox genes, their role in controlling body shape, and their astonishing similarity across widely different species has yielded new insights into both how embryos grow and how life evolved from a common ancestor. Homeobox genes evidently duplicated twice during the evolution of vertebrates from invertebrates; mammals have 4 clusters of about 10 genes each, while the fruit fly has only 1 group of 10.

open Discussion Questions

  • Why are homeotic (aka "homeobox", or Hox) genes considered "master switches?"
  • How many Hox genes are there in fruit flies, mice and humans? How do scientists know all these carriers of Hox genes arose from a common ancestor?
  • The fruit fly (Drosophila) and mouse homeobox gene sequences do not look exactly alike. Can you guess why?

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