Convergence: Marsupials and Placentals

Resource for Grades 9-12

Convergence: Marsupials and Placentals

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Source: Adrienne Zihlman, The Human Evolution Coloring Book


Resource Produced by:

WGBH Educational Foundation

Collection Developed by:

WGBH Educational Foundation

Collection Credits

Collection Funded by:

National Science Foundation

This graphic illustrates some of the marsupial mammals in Australia and placental mammals in North America. Even though they are not closely related, these mammals look alike because they have adapted to similar ecological roles.

open Background Essay

Marsupial and placental mammals diverged from a common ancestor more than 100 million years ago, and have evolved independently ever since. The two groups have different modes of reproduction, yet within each group individual species that occupy similar niches have evolved similarities in overall shape, locomotion, and feeding habits. This widespread evolutionary phenomenon is known as convergence.

open Discussion Questions

  • Discuss how the geological history of land masses in the northern and southern hemispheres, combined with the timing of early events in mammalian evolution, led to the separation of ancient marsupial and placental mammals.
  • Discuss the concepts of adaptive radiation and convergent evolution, and how they relate to one another in explaining the evolution of the separate, yet parallel, marsupial and placental faunas found today in Australia and North America.
  • South America was historically home to many more marsupial species (along with some other odd, extinct mammals) than live there today. Discuss how continental drift and competition explain this current situation.

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