Picturing America - The Brooklyn Bridge

Resource for Grades 6-12

WNET: Picturing America
Picturing America - The Brooklyn Bridge

Media Type:
Video

Running Time: 5m 40s
Size: 31.2 MB


Picturing America is a project of the National Endowment for the Humanities, carried out in partnership with the American Library Association, which provides an innovative way to experience America’s history through our nation’s art. Visit the Picturing America website to learn more. For more videos like this, visit Picturing America on Screen.

Resource Produced by:

WNET

Collection Developed by:

WNET

Collection Credits

Collection Funded by:

National Endowment for the Humanities The Institute of Museum and Library Services

Picturing America is a project of the National Endowment for the Humanities, carried out in partnership with the America Library Association, the Institute of Museum and Library Services, and the Office of Head Start.


Funding for the educational resources in this collection was provided by the Institute of Museum and Library Services.


The Brooklyn Bridge was hailed as a marvel of American engineering ingenuity. When it was built in 1883, its two towers were the tallest structures in the Western Hemisphere. Photographer Walker Evans turned its bold form and sweeping lines into a classic American image, both an icon of modernity and a monument that belongs to history.

To Joseph Stella, this structure was the “shrine containing all the efforts of the new civilization of America.” His Futurist rendition of the Brooklyn Bridge was inspired by a night alone on its promenade, surrounded by New York’s noises and pulsating colors, feeling both hemmed in and spiritually uplifted by the city.

Supplemental Media Available:

Joseph Stella: The Brooklyn Bridge, c. 1919-20 (Document)

Walker Evans: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1929 (Document)

open Discussion Questions

  • Jeff Rosenheim says of the Brooklyn Bridge: “It’s our great cathedral, this Gothic masterpiece.” Why do you think he calls it “our great cathedral?” Whom is he speaking of when he uses the word “our?”
  • Rosenheim goes on to explain that “this was a coming of age story for Walker Evans.” What does the expression “coming of age” mean? Listen to Rosenheim’s description of Walker Evans’s career and read the film’s transcript to find clues that will help you to define the term.
  • What words and expressions does Rosenheim use to describe Joseph Stella’s work?
  • Compare and contrast the three works of art featured in the video that serve as an ode, or tribute, to the bridge.

open Teaching Tips

Guide your students in a close reading of the informational texts provided with this video. Download Joseph Stella: The Brooklyn Bridge, c. 1919-20 and Walker Evans: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1929 and make copies for each student.

Begin by having students read the essay silently. Next, read the essay aloud to the class and have students follow along.

Direct students to refer to the text as they answer the questions below.

A Close Reading of "Joseph Stella: The Brooklyn Bridge, c. 1919-20"

  • What was the school of art that Joseph Stella adopted prior to painting the Brooklyn Bridge? Describe it in your own words. What motivated him to adopt this new approach?
  • What made this movement “violently revolutionary?” Do you think these words can be used to describe Stella’s painting?
  • In the second paragraph, what does “signature image” mean? What are some of the other words the writer uses to describe the Brooklyn Bridge in this paragraph?
  • How does the writer explain the observation that Stella’s painting seemed “more real, more true than a literal transcription of the bridge could be?”
  • According to the text, Stella experienced two dramatically different feelings regarding the bridge and managed to capture both in his painting. Find evidence in the text that describes the results of this experience.

A Close Reading of "Walker Evans: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1929"

  • At the end of the first paragraph, the writer states: “Evans’s gift was to perceive something familiar as if it had never been seen before and therefore to restore the Brooklyn Bridge’s original wonder.” What evidence does the writer provide to support this thesis?
  • In the second paragraph, what does “the sincerity of a snapshot” mean?
  • According to the text, where was Evans standing to capture the image of the Bridge? What evidence from the photograph does the writer use to determine where Evans was standing and where he placed his camera?
  • The last paragraph of the essay begins: “This clever calculation includes no sign that the Brooklyn Bridge serves any practical purpose.” In your own words, describe what the writer means by “clever calculation.”
  • What are some of the things noted in the text that are usually included in photographs of the bridge but are excluded in Evans’s depiction?
  • The writer concludes the essay by saying: “Evans presents us with two new and substantial concepts that would forever alter our perception of the Brooklyn Bridge: as an icon of modernity and as a monument that already belongs to history.” Find evidence in the text to support this conclusion.

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Visit the NEH Picturing America website to find more innovative ways to integrate works of American art into your teaching.


open Transcript

JEFF ROSENHEIM (CURATOR, METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART): It’s our great cathedral, this Gothic masterpiece. It soars into the sky. It’s grounded into the river. From Brooklyn to Manhattan, it connects these two huge cities. Cable and stone and reach and gesture. It’s a piece of ballet. It’s art itself.

RED GROOMS (ARTIST): I had a marvelous, romantic experience on the Bridge, and that was where my wife and I had one of our first dates. I was trying desperately to show her the most spectacular thing I could to impress her, so we took a walk on the Brooklyn Bridge; it was great. We had a marvelous kiss on the Bridge, and we’ve lived together ever since.

ROSENHEIM: The Bridge itself was just the beautiful thing that was attractive to poets, to painters, to photographers, to filmmakers, and to just everyday citizens. It was a vernacular form that had come from the 19th century, and yet still, in the late 20s, was this powerful, modern image.

This is the coming-of-age story for Walker Evans. It’s the beginning of a career when Evans began this project to photograph the thing that was the largest work of art in his world which was the Brooklyn Bridge. Evans believed in the medium of photography, that seeing was a creative act. The power of black and white, which really is about edges, and this compression of tones, it’s this sort of formal assessment of the engineering structure and how it looks and how you imagine your experience there. He allows us into the picture. It turned out that he would be the great photographer of his generation.

GROOMS: I came here, I officially mark, in 1957, as a new person in New York, not being born here. You know, I particularly liked the set of, well actually cornball, almost iconic things. I’m sure that the Brooklyn Bridge was something I needed to see. I was so into Joseph Stella and his Bridge painting, in 2004 I did the Joseph’s Bridge. I, as an artist started in the 1950s, was steeped in his work and thought he was the greatest. I thought he was one of our great American artists, because in that day, as opposed to now, it’s an interesting thought, New York was still very much the chief subject of even the most sophisticated artists.

ROSENHEIM: Stella’s great painting, which at the time was in the Brooklyn Museum, it’s a great colorful, sort of cubist study. It’s kind of a stained glass window. It’s very modern, very intensely painted. It’s another voice, a voice of the architecture, a voice of America, a voice of the spirit.

GROOMS: For a long time, I thought, well, would this be appropriate if I call it the Joseph’s Bridge? Is it right to him? I don’t know why it wouldn’t be, but is it? I think at one point I was trying to figure out how I was going to add that sort of a vortex-like fragmentation—I wanted to get into that even know I’m not exactly known for that. Both the dimension and the flatness are in our minds, actually. And I must say, that Stella was a deep thinker, he’s way, way into his head there—it probably didn’t seem flat to him either.

ROSENHEIM: The Brooklyn Bridge, like the best of architecture, it’s frozen music, and as a visual form of ambition, it’s a symbol.


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